A Study of the Prayers and Curses as Contained in the Bagan Inscriptions

Prayers and curses are expression of emotions that comes to human's feeling. Prayers and curses come from love and anger. The Bagan inscriptions which include prayers and curses will be extracted from Ancient Burmese inscriptions Volume I, II and III. There will be an analysis of the meaning of prayers and swearings according to their categories. The purpose of this paper is to know the curses and prayers and to avoid doing evil deeds, and to do good deeds after knowing them. Although there is no prayer and swearing according to the Theravada Buddhism, prayer and swearing occurs according to the belief of the fruit of Kamma. This will be presented in this paper

Governance in the European Union (EU) and the Association of the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): A comparative analysis

This doctoral research is about the EU and the ASEAN regarding with their developments of policy, politics and polity for transformation of different types of governance in their own way. The EU is regarded as the most successful regional integration project in the modern world because of its unique characteristics like Single Market, European Monetary Union (EMU), its single currency (Euro) and etc. Due to this sui generis character of the EU, some argued that there is no other possibly comparable instance of international integration in the global political scene. However, whether or not the EU is a motivating factor and admiring object for all other late comers of regional integration projects, it is undeniable that there are also relatively successful regional integration projects in the world outside the EU realm, for example, the ASEAN in Southeast Asia. It is also very interesting how heterogeneous members of the ASEAN manage to form a regional organization encompassing all countries in the region even though there is a great disparity of development and growth and also deep variances of own interests. At least the ASEAN can also be compared with the EU in the sense to explain why there is absence of war among member states by using both organizations as independent variable in terms of their economic, political and security cooperation. This study is a comparative analysis of different approaches to regional integration between the EU and the ASEAN as well as their changing modes of governance resulting from these approaches respectively. For the comprehensive understanding of politics and policy-making in the EU and the ASEAN, an analytical study of institutional designs, structures and organizational developments was carried out. Focus is to explain the major differences between the EU and the ASEAN and also to study internal factors and major processes, which determine the achievements, failures and stagnations of both organizations in the past decades. For analysis of policy-making and governance in the EU and the ASEAN, case studies on Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the EU, Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the EU, ASEAN political and security cooperation, ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) are conducted. It also examines the critical question whether the EU is in fact a system of governance with its own sui generis polity or whether it is just a useful instrument of its member states. Simultaneously, this study attempts to give a comprehensive view of the governance approach that has played an important role in the vitalization of regional integration studies in the recent years

Advanced abdominal pregnancy with dead foetus: a case report

Abdominal pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy in which the zygote implanted within the peritoneal cavity exception at ovaries, fallopian tubes and intra ligament spaces. The diagnosis is challenging and can be missed especially when the imaging facilities are not available in remote areas.A 35 years old, G3P2+0 was admitted to the hospital at 38+2 weeks of pregnancy with the chief complaint of reduced foetal movement for three days. She was taking regular antenatal care with the midwife at the rural health centre and uneventful until 37 weeks of pregnancy. On physical examination, the abdomen was distended, the foetal parts were easily palpable, no visible foetal movement and the foetal heart sound was not audible. Abdominal ultrasound scan identified the term foetus of abdominal pregnancy without foetal cardiac activity. The patient underwent laparotomy and dead, male foetus was extracted uneventfully. The placenta was attached to intestines and mesentery so that which was removed with great caution and secured haemostasis. The mother’s condition was stable throughout the operation and did not need to give the blood transfusion. The sutures were removed after 7 days and the healthy patient discharged from the hospital.Abdominal pregnancy is a rare condition and the diagnosis can be missed during the antenatal period and hence it is crucial to raise the awareness of health care personals especially in remote areas. The suspicious case of abdominal pregnancy should be referred to the experienced clinicians in the centres with diagnosis facilities

Commonly Used Instruments and Procedures in O&G”.

The book as a user-friendly handy and is mostly illustrated for the reader to understand the commonly used instruments and procedures in the field of basic Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Evaluation of physicochemical characteristics and genetic diversity of widely consumed rice varieties in Kyaukse area, Myanmar

Consumer preferences are greatly influenced by eating and cooking qualities of rice grains, along with the economic value of a specific rice variety. This study was to evaluate ten rice varieties including the check variety IR64 on their physicochemical, cooking and eating qualities as well as to identify their genetic diversity using SSR markers. Most rice varieties are medium-grain types based on length-breadth ratio, whereas the famous Myanmar rice variety, Paw San Bay Kyar, (PSBK) is bold. PSBK showed the best cooking and eating quality traits with intermediate amylose content (AC), intermediate gelatinization temperature (GT), soft gel consistency (GC), and the highest elongation ratio among the studied rice varieties. Seventeen SSR markers linked with cooking and eating traits were used to assess the extent of polymorphism and genetic variation among ten rice varieties. There were 49 alleles in total, with an average of 2.88 alleles per locus. RM592 had the maximum number of alleles. The average PIC value ranged from 0.22 (RM540) to 0.77 (RM592). Cluster analysis with UPGMA method based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient divided ten rice varieties into two main groups and four sub-clusters. In multiple regression analysis, RM190 and Wx primers were discovered to be significantly associated with AC, GC and GT of cooking and eating quality traits. This study could contribute to the choice of rice varieties with superior cooking and eating qualities for rice breeding programs by implementing physicochemical characteristics and molecular analysis

Realizing a Robust, Reconfigurable Active Quenching Design for Multiple Types of Single-Photon Avalanche Detectors

Most active quench circuits used for single-photon avalanche photodetectors (APDs) are designed either with discrete components which lack the flexibility of dynamically changing the control parameters, or with custom ASICs which require a long development time and high cost. As an alternative, we present a reconfigurable and robust hybrid design implemented using a System-on-Chip (SoC), which integrates both an FPGA and a microcontroller. We take advantage of the FPGA's speed and reconfiguration capabilities to vary the quench and reset parameters dynamically over a large range, thus allowing our system to operate a variety of APDs without changing the design. The microcontroller enables the remote adjustment of control parameters and calibration of APDs in the field. The ruggedized design uses components with space heritage, thus making it suitable for space-based applications in the fields of telecommunications and quantum key distribution (QKD). We demonstrate our circuit by operating a commercial APD cooled to -20{\deg}C with a deadtime of 35ns while maintaining the after-pulsing probability at close to 3%. We also showcase its versatility by operating custom-fabricated chip-scale APDs, which paves the way for automated wafer-scale characterization.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2205.0022

A failed case of percutaneous septal closure of fenestrated atrial septal defect

A patient presenting with a history of palpitation and exertional dyspnea was initially diagnosed with two separate secundum-type atrial septal defects by transesophageal echocardiography. Subsequent transesophageal echocardiography, after failure of closure with two separate closure devices, showed another defect and an ongoing left to right shunt. During surgery, more defects were observed. The defects were successfully repaired using pericardial patch without incident. (Cardiol J 2011; 18, 1: 92-93